CITING AMOS VERSION 35 CODE
For example, deletions or mutations in genes that code for miRNA tumor suppressors might lead to loss of a miRNA or miRNA cluster, and thereby contribute to inappropriate stabilization of oncogenes. Evidence is emerging that particular miRNAs may play a role in human cancer pathogenesis. We review here literature that associates specific miRNAs with disease and reports of how AMOs have been used to help elucidate miRNA function.Ĭancer is a genetic disease in which mutational and/or epigenetic changes in a genome leads to stepwise deregulation of cell proliferation and cell death mechanisms. Similar to antisense-based oligonucleotides (ASOs), AMOs may contribute to the prioritization of pharmaceutical targets and have the potential to eventually progress into a new class of therapeutic agents.
Modified synthetic anti-miRNA oligonucleotides (AMOs) are useful tools in specifically inhibiting individual miRNAs, thereby helping to unravel the function of miRNAs and their targets. 21 As yet, however, there is not conclusive evidence that causatively links the malfunction of a miRNA or a miRNA target site to the development of a human disease. 21 There is a growing number of reports that link miRNAs to the regulation of pathways associated with human diseases such as cancer, 22 neurological diseases 23 and most recently also with viral 24 and metabolic diseases.
The increasing number and diversity of miRNAs suggests that they play a role in the regulation of many genes in key pathways in a wide variety of cellular processes such as cell cycle control, apoptosis, 18 haematopoiesis, 2, 19 adipocyte differentiation 20 and insulin secretion. The international miRNA Registry database 17 contains more than 300 verified and putative homologues of human miRNA sequences.
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